The Murshidabad violence of April 2025 was a significant communal unrest in West Bengal, triggered by protests against the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025. The disturbances led to fatalities, injuries, property damage, and widespread displacement.(Wikipedia)
Background and Trigger
The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, enacted by the central government, aimed to reform the administration of Waqf properties. Critics, particularly from Muslim communities in West Bengal, viewed the law as an infringement on religious autonomy, leading to protests in Murshidabad district. Initially peaceful, these demonstrations escalated into violent clashes.(Wikipedia, The Times of India)
Timeline of Events
- April 8, 2025: Protests in Umarpur, Jangipur subdivision, escalated into violence. Demonstrators blocked National Highway 12, clashed with police, and set vehicles on fire. (India Today)
- April 11–12, 2025: Violence intensified in Betbona village, with mobs targeting Hindu homes. A Calcutta High Court-appointed committee reported that police were “completely inactive and absent” during these attacks. (The Times of India)
- April 12, 2025: Two members of a Hindu family were killed in a targeted attack. The violence resulted in the destruction of shops and temples within a 300-meter radius of the local police station. (www.ndtv.com)
- April 14, 2025: A 17-year-old, Izaz Ahmed Sheikh, was shot during the unrest. (Wikipedia)
Impact and Response
- Casualties: Three fatalities and over ten injuries were reported.(Wikipedia)
- Arrests: More than 274 individuals were arrested, and 60 FIRs were lodged. (Wikipedia)
- Displacement: Over 400 people, including women and children, fled from affected areas and took shelter in neighboring Malda district. (Wikipedia)
- Property Damage: Numerous Hindu homes were marked with black ink before being bombed and set on fire. (OpIndia)
- Security Measures: The Calcutta High Court directed the deployment of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) in the district to restore order. (@EconomicTimes)
Investigations and Findings
- Calcutta High Court Panel: A fact-finding report revealed that Bengal Police were “completely inactive and absent” during targeted mob attacks in Murshidabad’s Betbona. (The Times of India)
- Governor’s Report: West Bengal Governor C.V. Ananda Bose submitted a report to the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, highlighting concerns about rising radicalization and communal instability in the region. (Wikipedia)
Political Reactions
- BJP: Criticized the Mamata Banerjee-led Trinamool Congress (TMC) government, alleging involvement in the violence and accusing the administration of inaction. (The Times of India)
- TMC: Blamed “outsiders” for orchestrating the violence and criticized the Border Security Force (BSF) for firing during the incident. (@EconomicTimes)
Implications
The Murshidabad violence has intensified communal tensions in West Bengal, drawing national attention. The incident has become a focal point in the lead-up to the 2026 West Bengal Assembly elections, with political parties leveraging the unrest to galvanize support. (The Wire)
The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025
The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, enacted in India, introduces significant reforms to the management and governance of Waqf properties. These properties, which include land and assets dedicated for religious, charitable, or pious purposes under Islamic law, have been subject to various administrative challenges. The amendment aims to address these issues by enhancing transparency, accountability, and inclusivity in Waqf administration.(Wikipedia)
Key Provisions of the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025
1. Centralized Digital Registration
The Act mandates the digitization and centralized registration of all Waqf properties within six months. This initiative aims to rectify historical issues of mismanagement and opacity in Waqf administration. By creating a centralized digital portal, the government seeks to facilitate real-time monitoring, prevent unauthorized transactions, and ensure that revenue generated from Waqf properties is used exclusively for community welfare. (Wikipedia)
2. Abolition of ‘Waqf by User’ Doctrine
The amendment abolishes the ‘waqf-by-user’ doctrine, which previously allowed properties to be considered Waqf if they had been used for religious purposes over time, even without formal documentation. This change aims to provide legal clarity and prevent unlawful claims on properties. (Wikipedia)
3. Inclusion of Non-Muslim Members in Waqf Boards
The Act introduces provisions for the representation of non-Muslim members on Waqf Boards. This move is intended to promote inclusivity and ensure diverse perspectives in the governance of Waqf properties. However, this provision has been a point of contention, with critics arguing that it undermines the religious autonomy of these boards. (Wikipedia)
4. Gender Representation and Women’s Empowerment
The Act introduces provisions for the representation of Muslim women on Waqf Boards, aligning with constitutional commitments to equality and justice. It also supports welfare measures including scholarships for girls, vocational training, self-help groups, and legal aid services. These initiatives seek to empower Muslim women, particularly widows and divorcees, by enhancing their participation in community governance and promoting financial independence. (Wikipedia)
5. Protection and Reclamation of Encroached Waqf Assets
According to data from the Waqf Assets Management System of India (WAMSI), nearly 58,898 Waqf properties have been unlawfully occupied. The amendment introduces stricter legal measures for the recovery of encroached lands and empowers district collectors to enforce these provisions. These steps are aimed at restoring Waqf properties for their intended charitable and community-oriented purposes. (Wikipedia)
Legal Challenges and Opposition
The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, has faced significant opposition from various Muslim organizations and political parties. Critics argue that the Act infringes upon religious freedoms and the constitutional rights of Muslims. Key points of contention include:(Wikipedia, The Times of India)
- Religious Autonomy: The inclusion of non-Muslim members in Waqf Boards is seen as an infringement on the religious autonomy guaranteed under Article 26 of the Indian Constitution. (PRS Legislative Research)
- ‘Waqf by User’ Doctrine: The abolition of the ‘waqf-by-user’ doctrine is viewed as arbitrary and disproportionately impacts Muslim endowments, violating Articles 14 and 25 of the Constitution. (Supreme Court Observer)
- Government Oversight: The empowerment of district collectors to determine ownership of disputed Waqf properties raises concerns about potential misuse of power and political interference. (Wikipedia)
Several petitions have been filed in the Supreme Court challenging the constitutional validity of the Act. The Court has reserved its judgment after hearing arguments from both the petitioners and the central government. (LawChakra)
Conclusion
The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, represents a significant shift in the governance of Waqf properties in India. While the Act aims to enhance transparency, accountability, and inclusivity, it has also sparked considerable debate regarding its impact on religious autonomy and constitutional rights. The ongoing legal challenges will likely shape the future of Waqf administration in the country.(Wikipedia, Vajiram & Ravi)
Detailed Report on the Targeting of Hindus During the Murshidabad Riots (April 2025)
The Murshidabad riots, which erupted in April 2025 in West Bengal, have been marked by significant violence against the Hindu community. A fact-finding report by a Calcutta High Court-appointed committee has highlighted the systematic targeting of Hindu individuals and properties during the unrest.
Key Findings from the Report
- Targeted Attacks on Hindu Properties: The committee’s report indicates that Hindu homes and businesses were selectively marked and attacked. In some areas, properties were marked with black ink before being looted and set on fire. For instance, in the Samserganj and Betbona regions, Hindu-owned establishments were specifically targeted, leading to widespread destruction. (OpIndia, www.ndtv.com)
- Police Inaction: The report criticizes the local police for their inactivity during the attacks. It notes that law enforcement personnel were “completely inactive and absent” during the targeted assaults, allowing mobs to operate unchecked.
- Political Involvement: The committee’s findings suggest that local political leaders may have played a role in inciting the violence. Specific individuals have been named in the report, raising questions about the involvement of political figures in the unrest. (The Indian Express)
- Displacement of Hindu Families: As a result of the violence, numerous Hindu families have been displaced. Reports indicate that over 500 individuals fled their homes in fear of further attacks, seeking refuge in neighboring areas.
Political Reactions
- BJP’s Allegations: The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has accused the ruling Trinamool Congress (TMC) of orchestrating the violence to target the Hindu community. They have called for accountability and further investigation into the matter.
- TMC’s Defense: In contrast, the TMC has denied any involvement in the violence. They have suggested that the unrest was instigated by external elements and have criticized the BJP for politicizing the issue. (The Sunday Guardian Live)
Ongoing Developments
The situation in Murshidabad remains tense, with continued calls for justice and accountability. The Calcutta High Court has directed the continuation of central force deployment in the district to maintain order and prevent further violence. (@EconomicTimes)
This incident underscores the need for impartial investigations and measures to ensure the safety and security of all communities. The findings of the fact-finding committee have brought to light serious concerns regarding the handling of the situation by local authorities and the involvement of political figures in the unrest.(The Times of India)
Murshidabad Violence: BJP Alleges TMC Leaders Orchestrated Anti-Hindu Attacks
The Murshidabad riots, which occurred in April 2025 in West Bengal, led to significant loss of life and property, particularly affecting the Hindu community. Here’s a detailed account of the human and material toll:
Human Casualties
- Total Deaths: 3 individuals were confirmed dead during the unrest. Among them were Haragobindo Das and his son Chandan Das, who were brutally murdered in their home in Jafrabad, Samserganj. They were found with multiple stab wounds, and their house was reportedly looted before the attack. (The New Indian Express)
- Injuries: At least 10 people sustained injuries, including gunshot wounds and bomb-related injuries. Two workers at a local bidi factory were among the injured. (The New Indian Express)
Property Damage
- Homes Destroyed: 109 houses were reported damaged in the affected areas of Dhulian, Shamsherganj, and Suti. Victims reported that their homes were looted and set on fire, leaving them homeless. (Hindustan Times)
- Businesses and Livelihoods: Numerous Hindu-owned shops and establishments were targeted, looted, and destroyed. For example, a sweet shop owned by a Hindu couple was looted and set ablaze. Another establishment, ‘Sri Hari Hindu Hotel & Lodge,’ was also vandalized. (OpIndia)
Displacement
- Internal Displacement: Over 400 individuals, including women and children, were displaced from their homes. They sought refuge in neighboring Malda district, crossing the Bhagirathi River to find safety. (Wikipedia)
- Return of Displaced Families: Approximately 293 families returned to their homes after assurances of safety and the presence of central forces. Authorities have pledged to assist in rebuilding their homes and restoring normalcy. (The Times of India)
Legal and Political Reactions
- Arrests and Legal Actions: Over 300 individuals were arrested in connection with the violence. At least 60 FIRs were lodged, and investigations are ongoing. (Uni India, Wikipedia)
- Government Response: The Calcutta High Court directed the continuation of central force deployment in riot-hit areas to maintain law and order.
- Political Accusations: The BJP accused the Trinamool Congress (TMC) government of orchestrating anti-Hindu violence, citing a fact-finding report. The TMC denied these allegations and blamed external elements for the unrest. (The Times of India)
For a visual overview of the events and aftermath, you can watch the following video:
The Sandeshkhali incident in West Bengal’s North 24 Parganas district has drawn national attention due to serious allegations of systemic sexual abuse, political coercion, and administrative failure. Here’s a comprehensive overview of the events and their implications:(Business Standard)
Overview of the Sandeshkhali Case
In early 2024, multiple women from Sandeshkhali accused local Trinamool Congress (TMC) leaders, notably Sheikh Shahjahan, Shibu Hazra, and Uttam Sardar, of systemic sexual assault and land grabbing. These allegations emerged following an Enforcement Directorate (ED) raid on Shahjahan’s residence, which was met with violent resistance. Subsequently, women came forward detailing years of abuse and intimidation by these leaders. (Wikipedia)
Key Allegations and Developments
- Systemic Abuse: Women reported being summoned to TMC offices at odd hours, where they were subjected to sexual exploitation. The National Commission for Women (NCW) documented widespread fear and systemic abuse by both the police and TMC leaders in its fact-finding report. (PTI News)
- Arrests: Shibu Hazra and Uttam Sardar were arrested on charges including gang rape and sexual assault. Shahjahan Sheikh was apprehended after evading authorities for nearly two months. (Wikipedia, BBC)
- Retractions: In May 2024, two women retracted their rape allegations, claiming they were coerced by local BJP members into filing false complaints. These retractions intensified the political blame game between the TMC and BJP. (Newslaundry, www.ndtv.com)
Political Ramifications
The incident has become a focal point in West Bengal’s political landscape:
- BJP’s Stance: The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) accused the TMC of shielding the accused and failing to protect the victims. Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the issue during his campaign, criticizing the state’s law and order situation. (BBC, The Times of India)
- TMC’s Response: The TMC alleged that the BJP fabricated the charges to tarnish its image ahead of elections. They claimed that the retractions proved the accusations were politically motivated. (Hindustan Times)
Administrative and Legal Actions
- Investigations: The NCW’s report highlighted the oppressive environment in Sandeshkhali, citing testimonies of systemic abuse. (PTI News)
- Law Enforcement: Despite the gravity of the allegations, the West Bengal Police reported receiving only a few complaints, none of which mentioned sexual assault, raising concerns about the efficacy and impartiality of the investigations. (Deccan Herald)
Conclusion
The Sandeshkhali case underscores the complexities of addressing systemic abuse in politically charged environments. The conflicting narratives, retractions, and political accusations have muddied the waters, making it challenging to ascertain the truth and deliver justice. The incident calls for impartial investigations, robust legal frameworks to protect victims, and a commitment from all political entities to uphold human rights and the rule of law.
For a visual summary of the developments: